Results of aminoglycoside resistance using the two fold serials dilution method revealed that all the isolates conferring multidrug resistance and the highest resistance were against kanamycin followed by gentamicin, while the lowest was against amikacin. These isolates were diagnosed using the API 20E followed by genotypic detection by a housekeeping gene (rpsI). Keywords: Gram negative bacilli, GNB, Aminoglycoside, PCR, Aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes, AME-Genes, SequencingĬlinical isolates (50) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from patients suffering various infections at different teaching hospital in Baghdad\ Iraq. coli MAM-24 also acquired five AME-genes aac(3′)-IIa (accession no. MAM-16 acquired five AME genes aac(3′)-IIa (accession no. Also, the results revealed that isolate Klebsiella sp. The results of AME-genes indicated that non of aac(3′)-Ia and Rmt(55) genes were detected in any of the thirty Klebsiella spp. The most efficiency aminoglycoside antibiotic was Amikin(AK) and the resistance pattern increased over the last years in Egypt. Eight aminoglycoside antibiotics were used in the present study. In our study, clinical bacterial isolates(210) were collected from different Egyptian hospitals. Aminoglycosides play an important role in treatment of serious infections that threat human life caused by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Bacteria have developed many ways by which they become resistant to antimicrobials among those are enzymes. Associated with the rise in antibiotic resistance is the lack of new antimicrobials. The WHO and CDC have expressed serious concern regarding the continued increase in the development of multidrug resistance among bacteria.
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